Just how great is India (and the Indian Diaspora)?

[hack77]

I have supervised Indians at work. Their IQ and commitment to work is average. There are more Indians(1.1bn) than Africans(0.8bn). They cry when you threaten to send them back home for poor perfomance.
The pioneering policy of the Indian gov to promote BPO to create jobs in India explains the reason you have so many of them in IT. A few have a very good aptitude in maths, in everthing else,any ordinary black Kenyan beats them.

[Raj Patel]

race differences in average iq are largely genetic

26. April 2005 17:29 a 60-page review of the scientific evidence, some based on state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of brain size, has concluded that race differences in average iq are largely genetic.

The lead article in the june 2005 issue of psychology, public policy and law, a journal of the american psychological association, examined 10 categories of research evidence from around the world to contrast "a hereditarian model (50% genetic-50% cultural) and a culture-only model (0% genetic-100% cultural)."

The paper, "thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability," by j. Philippe rushton of the university of western ontario and arthur r. Jensen of the university of california at berkeley, appeared with a positive commentary by linda gottfredson of the university of delaware, three critical ones (by robert sternberg of yale university, richard nisbett of the university of michigan, and lisa suzuki & joshua aronson of new york university), and the authors' reply.

"Neither the existence nor the size of race differences in iq are a matter of dispute, only their cause," write the authors. The black-white difference has been found consistently from the time of the massive world war i army testing of 90 years ago to a massive study of over 6 million corporate, military, and higher-education test-takers in 2001.

"Race differences show up by 3 years of age, even after matching on maternal education and other variables," said rushton. "therefore they cannot be due to poor education since this has not yet begun to exert an effect. That's why jensen and i looked at the genetic hypothesis in detail. We examined 10 categories of evidence."

1. The worldwide pattern of iq scores. East asians average higher on iq tests than whites, both in the u. S. And in asia, even though iq tests were developed for use in the euro-american culture. Around the world, the average iq for east asians centers around 106; for whites, about 100; and for blacks about 85 in the u.s. And 70 in sub-saharan africa.

2. Race differences are most pronounced on tests that best measure the general intelligence factor (g). Black-white differences, for example, are larger on the backward digit span test than on the less g loaded forward digit span test.

3. The gene-environment architecture of iq is the same in all races, and race differences are most pronounced on more heritable abilities. Studies of black, white, and east asian twins, for example, show the heritability of iq is 50% or higher in all races.

4. Brain size differences. Studies using magnetic resonance imaging (mri) find a correlation of brain size with iq of about 0.40. Larger brains contain more neurons and synapses and process information faster. Race differences in brain size are present at birth. By adulthood, east asians average 1 cubic inch more cranial capacity than whites who average 5 cubic inches more than blacks.

5. Trans-racial adoption studies. Race differences in iq remain following adoption by white middle class parents. East asians grow to average higher iqs than whites while blacks score lower. The minnesota trans-racial adoption study followed children to age 17 and found race differences were even greater than at age 7: white children, 106; mixed-race children, 99; and black children, 89.

6. Racial admixture studies. Black children with lighter skin, for example, average higher iq scores. In south africa, the iq of the mixed-race "colored" population averages 85, intermediate to the african 70 and white 100.

7. Iq scores of blacks and whites regress toward the averages of their race. Parents pass on only some exceptional genes to offspring so parents with very high iqs tend to have more average children. Black and white children with parents of iq 115 move to different averages--blacks toward 85 and whites to 100.

8. Race differences in other "life-history" traits. East asians and blacks consistently fall at two ends of a continuum with whites intermediate on 60 measures of maturation, personality, reproduction, and social organization. For example, black children sit, crawl, walk, and put on their clothes earlier than whites or east asians.

9. Race differences and the out-of-africa theory of human origins. East asian-white-black differences fit the theory that modern humans arose in africa about 100,000 years ago and expanded northward. During prolonged winters there was evolutionary selection for higher iq created by problems of raising children, gathering and storing food, gaining shelter, and making clothes.

10. Do culture-only theories explain the data? culture-only theories do not explain the highly consistent pattern of race differences in iq, especially the east asian data. No interventions such as ending segregation, introducing school busing, or "head start" programs have reduced the gaps as culture-only theory would predict.

In their article, rushton and jensen also address some of the policy issues that stem from their conclusions. Their main recommendation is that people be treated as individuals, not as members of groups. They emphasized that their paper pertains only to average differences. They also called for the need to accurately inform the public about the true nature of individual and group differences, genetics and evolutionary biology.

Rushton and jensen are well-known for research on racial differences in intelligence. Jensen hypothesized a genetic basis for black-white iq differences in his 1969 harvard educational review article. His later books bias in mental tests (1980) and the g factor (1998), as well as rushton's (1995) race, evolution, and behavior, show that tests are not biased against english speaking minorities and that black-white-east asian differences in brain size and iq belong in an evolutionary framework.

CHARLES DARWIN RESEARCH INSTITUTE

[erc1195]

1- sub-saharan and north africans compromise mainly blue; (sub-saharan africans are mainly hg 8 haplogroups, and north africans are mainly hg 21 haplogroups
2- europeans comprise the following ’colors’: mauve, dark green (the mauve representing a strain dating back apparently to paleolithic times, the green representing a ‘newer’ strain);
3- middle eastern (semitic) compromise mainly light green and blue;
4- asiatics compromise mainly orange, and light purple;
5- far northern asiatics (lapps, etc.) compromise very light 5brown;
6- aboriginals and pacific islanders around australasia compromise light purple and brown;
7- north and south american amerinds compromise mainly speckled red.

"global distribution of y haplogroups.

Each circle represents a population sample with the frequency of the 18 main y haplogroups. ( note the general similarities between neighbouring populations but large differences between different parts of the world.
Populations are numbered as follows:
1, kung60;
2, biaka pygmies60;
3, bamileke60; 4, fali60;
5, senegalese112; 6, berbers60;
7, ethiopians112; 8, sudanese61;
9, basques61;
10, greeks69;
11,polish69;
12, saami69; 13, russians73; 14, lebanese113; 15, iranians113; 16, kazbegi (georgia)113; 17, kazaks113; 18, punjabis72; 19, uzbeks73; 20, forest nentsi73; 21, khants73; 22, eastern evenks73; 23, buryats73; 24, evens73; 25, eskimos73; 26, mongolians73; 27, evenks73; 28, northern han73; 29, tibetans78,114; 30, taiwanese61; 31, japanese61; 32, koreans113; 33, filipinos115; 34, javanese115; 35, malaysians115; 36, west new guineans (highlands)115; 37, papua new guineans (coast)115; 38, australians (arnhem)115; 39, australians (sandy desert)115; 40, cook islanders115; 41, tahitians116; 42, maori117; 43, navajos78; 44, cheyenne78; 45, mixtecs78; 46, makiritare79; 47, cayapa118; 48, greenland inuit83."

[erc1195]

"Y-Chromosomes are that part of an individual's DNA which reflects the male lineage, passed unchanged from father to son. As such, it compromises a significant part of any nation's DNA. By analyzing the origin of Y Chromosomes, it becomes possible to determine the origin of the male side of a sample group."

1. The Greeks are racially mixed.
"This chart shows less than 50% of the Y-Chromosomes as being European, with the rest being comprised of non-European markers (25% sub-Saharan/North African - blue; 25% Middle Eastern - light green; and a small portion Asiatic - orange)."

"Greeks are found to have a substantial relatedness to sub-Saharan (Ethiopian) people, which separate them from other Mediterranean groups. Both Greeks and Ethiopians share quasi-specific DRB1 alleles.

Genetic distances are closer between Greeks and Ethiopian/sub-Saharan groups than to any other Mediterranean group and finally Greeks cluster with Ethiopians/sub-Saharans in both neighbor joining dendrograms and correspondence analyses."

2 the Italians are racially mixed.
"Taken together with the presence in Sicily of African blood group markers and certain historical considerations, it seems clear that the source of Hb S in Sicily is Africa."

3. race mixing in portugal
"In Portugal, as well as generally in Iberia, many migration waves from both North and sub-Saharan African populations are well documented. The geographical proximity of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula certainly afforded many opportunities for mutual population contacts. Among them, we stress the movement of Berbers and Arabs that took place during the very recent Muslim rule of Iberia (from the 8th century to the end of the 15th, in some regions). In addition, many sub-Saharan individuals entered the region during the slave trade period, from its very beginning (middle 15th century) until its total ban in the late 19th century."

4. race mixing in Spain.
"The historical record of Spain is clear: although it is majority White, the population has been affected by three factors: the 700 year long occupation by the mixed race Moors, the African slave trade and the 500 year long influx by mixed race Gypsies."

http://www.le.ac.uk/ge/maj4/JoblingTS.03.NRG.Review.pdf

[hack77]

Raj,
Could you explain why is it that people of African decscent in Europe have a superior iq score relative to the caucaisan natives? Feel free to fish for racially bigotry in any publications.

[Raj Patel]

Originally Posted by hack77

Raj,
Could you explain why is it that people of African decscent in Europe have a superior iq score relative to the caucaisan natives? Feel free to fish for racially bigotry in any publications.

Your information is incorrect. IQ tests done on different racial groups disprove your assertion. Go read the Bell Curve. I'm not sure where you are getting your information.

[erc1195]

Raj, concede defeat - you have lost this debate.

[totsi]

Originally Posted by hack77

Raj,
Could you explain why is it that people of African decscent in Europe have a superior iq score relative to the caucaisan natives? Feel free to fish for racially bigotry in any publications.

yah, environmental factors and diet have been shown to have very strong impact on iq. let me look for the pdf file.

[erc1195]

Kpce 2009 results - where are the kenyan indians with the high iq?

[erc1195]

Kpce 2009 results - PAGE 2 - where are the kenyan indians with the high iq?