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Type R,

The four things you have identified above are manifestations of a deeper problem we face as africans. I personally do not buy into the argunment that these four are the raison etre of why the african is lagging behind.

Europe and Asia achieved the above four in periods of great turmoil. Remember how the church used to persecute people, yet it is in those eras that we see a surge in achievments in the arts, sciences, and philisophy.

My take is that the social constructs at those times and their evolution to the present day are what made these societies produce 'giants'. Theirs were societies that encouraged experimentation, allowed one to fail safely, societies that refused to accept the status quo. It is this very opposite that is prevelant in africa, and that is why our true 'giants' are finding solace in western countries and very soon to eastern countries while mother africa remains barren and exploited.

Mind you, I totally agree with your view points, because to be honest with you I still cannot understand how Moddy Awori whose constituency experiences the budalangi floods could be so contented with a vice presidency that has no benefit to his people. I would have expected him to push through forcefully policy and legislation to once and for all put an end to floods. It did not happen. We are seeing Kalonzo repeating the same and five years down the line his people will wonder what was the vice presidency for.

But again, as you correctly note, africans have negative nationalism. While it is fine to want to protect your own, in the same breathe one has to be ready to hold one's leaders accountable. It just never happens with us.